Round 1 data ( n = 1260) were collected from October to November 2017, and round 2 data ( n = 1193) were collected from July to August 2018. These townships were chosen to represent both the geographical and racial spread of low socioeconomic areas in South Africa. Data were collected from six townships in four of South Africa's nine provinces, namely Gauteng (Eldorado Park and Ivory Park), Western Cape (Khayelitsha and Mitchell's Plain), Free State (Thabong) and KwaZulu-Natal (Umlazi). Township residents typically live in poverty.
Townships are low-income, urban areas characterised by overpopulation, poor service delivery, crime, and poor socioeconomic outcomes. A total of 2453 smokers were interviewed in townships over two rounds of data collection.
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